Magazine-phonograph.



0. REINHARDT- MAGAZINE PHONOGRAPH,

' APPLICATION FILED DEO.6,1907.

Patented Jan. 12,1909. I

5SHEETSSHEET 1.

WIV/ A WITNESSES ATTORNEY.

G. REINHARDT. MAGAZINE PHONOGRAPH.

ABPLIGATION FILED DBO.6,1907.

@9,L55. I Patented Jan. 12, 1909.

'6 SHEEN-SHEET 2.

INVENTOR,

' 63 W/TNfijff: H5, 2 4 2. v if M M1- 7. W 7 waft i K1307 66m- ATTORNEY.

G. REINHARDT.

MAGAZINE PHONOGRAPH. APPLICATION FILED 1330.6, 1907.

909,455, Patented Jan. 12, 1909.

5 MEETS-SHEET 3.

l lHllll WITNESSES: INVENTOR,

BY 774. MM 4 37, M

ATTORNE d. REINHARDT.

MAGAZINE PHONOGRAPH.

APPLICATION FILED DEC 6, 1 907.

909,455. Patented Jan, 12, 1909.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4:

IN VENTQR, if fla /MW ATTORNEY.

O; REINHARDTQ 'MAGAZENE PHONOGEAPH,

APPLICATION FILED DEO.6,1907.

Patented 3m 2998?.

5 SHEBT-SSEE WITNESSES t ong l lig. l is able number oi nnrrnn svra rns mama oration OOMRANY, OF SAN FRANCISCO, SALIFORNIA, A

vcola?ORATION or CALIFORNIA;

MAGAZINE-PHoNoGRAP'H.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 12, 1909.

Application filed December 8, 1907. Serial No. 405,428.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, Consumes REIN- rmnnr, a citizen'of the United States, residing at San Francisco, in the county of San Francisco and State of California, have invented new and useful lgnprovernents'in Magazine-Phonographs, of which the following is a: specification. I

The object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus whereby a considersound-reproducing cylinders may be arranged insuch relation that any one of them may be rapidly brought into proper position for cbiiperation with the reproducer, or, if preferred, by which said cylinders may be so *tion in succession automatically.

in the accompanyingdrawuig, Figure 1" 1s a broken front elevation of the machine;-

Fig. 2 is a side view then 3f; 3 is an enlarged side view of the upper portion of the machine, the hub being shown in seca broken detail side elevation of a lever actuated with ,the magazine feed; Fig. 5 is a broken view'of a portion of said lever and parts cooperating therewith in a. different position from that of F1g. 45; Fig. 6 1s a detail sectional view showing a socket in the-ratchet wheel; Fig.

7 is a detail sectional view showing a socket in a ring of the magazine wheel; Fig. 8 is an enlarged sectional view of the carriage; Fig. 9 is a view in a different position of parts shown in Fig; 8; 10 is a side view of the ratchet wheel for advancing the magazine and parts cohperating tl'ierewith; Fig. 11 is aview similar ing in a different position; Fig. 12 is a radial -secti0nal view of one of the rings of the magazine wheel and a portion of a cylinder shaft; Fig. 13 is a sectional view on the line 'l313 of Fig. 12; Fig.- -14: is a horizontal section through the end of the shaft carryingth hub of the magazine wheel; Fig. 15 is a detail sectional view of the device for changing the direction of movement of the carriage; Fig. 16 is a perspective view particularly illustrating the spiral ribbon shaft and its operative connection with the mega zine wheel; Fig. 17 is a detail sectional view 'of the'driving-shaft; Fig. 18 is across sectional view-of the same, showinga side view of the friction disk; Fig. 19 is a perspective view showing the raising of the lower nut-1 by a cam.

brought into such pos to Fig. 4, the parts be standard or frame, adapted to be secured to the top of a cabinet adapted to contain the records. The upper portion of said frame overhangs, as shown at 3, and has a downwardly depending outer end l, and mounted .in bearings in saidend a and in the frame 3 is a shaft 5, which carries at its, outer end a pulley 6 adapted to be driven bya belt from any suitable source of power, such as a sprihg or electric motor. The portion formed into the usual screw 7 for co-acting with the not 8, whichis carried with the carrier 9 carrying the reproducer 10. Ex-

that access 1s readily obtained by the-hand by said wheel can be readily and quicklyremoved from the shaft 11..

ported in the wheel between the inner and outer rings in the following manner.- inner ring ll has therethrough a series of 1 round holes 20. Each hole 20 has at one end a reduced entrance forming an internal flange/or shoulder 21-and through said Toduced/entrance extends a plunger 22 having 'a flange 23-adapted to abut against said slide through" a central aperture in a screw 25 closing the rear end of the hole. A spring surrounds said stem 24, its rear end being received in a socket 28 in the screw 25 while its front end abuts against the rear side'of the flange 23.

socket 27 to receive the end of a cylinder shaft. The construction of the Sl'Gll'l of the plunger passing through a central aperture in the screw. which closes the socket is of great importance in insuring that the cylinder is placed in proper position in reference of said 'shaftzremote, from-said frame is' The sound-reproducing cylindersare sup- Said plunger has a Referring to the drawing, 1 indicates a any suitable support 2, such as a table or to the hub of the'magazine wheel 13, whereshoulder, and having a. stem Qlwhich can" loo to the magazine wheel, which condition, again, is of importance for the proper reproduction of sound from the reproducer. An end of the shaft 30 of the cylinder carrier having been inserted in said socket 27 the other end of said shaft is passed into a radial groove 31 formed in the inner side of the other ring, and by'depressing said plunger 22, said other end can pass over a transverse ridge 32 formed across said groove and drop into a socket 34 exactly opposite to a hole in the inner ring. By means of the spring 26 the shaft 30 is automatically adjusted in its proper longitudinal position.

When the sleeve 12 of the magazine wheel has been placed upon the shaft 11, a forked Washer 35 is passed down on the end of said shaft, so that sides of the fork engage the sides of a rib 36, (Fig. 14) formed on the end of said shaft, and said washer assumes a central position relative to said shaft. Then a'screw 37 having a suitable milled head 38 is screwed inwards into the end of I. re

the shaft 11, the inner surface of the head entering a central recess 39 formed on the outer side of the washer 35, so that the inner side of the washer presses against the end of the central sleeve 12 of the magazine wheel. Thereby just the inecessary friction can be applied to the magazine Wheel to prevent it moving except when positively turned by the advancing mechanism, which will now be described. The inner end of said sleeve 12 abuts against the side of a ratchet wheel 41, having as many teeth as there are phohograph cylinders carried by the magazine wheel, twelve being here shown of each. It

is by the operation of said ratchet wheel that the magazine is intermittently rotated to bring each phonograph cylinder in succession into a properposition to reproduce the sound therefrom. In order to insure that the magazine is in proper, relation to the ratchet wheel, so that when the ratchet wheel has been. actuated a cylinder on said magazine will be in the exact position to cooperate with the reproducer, there is screwed into said ratchet wheel an axially directed cup 42 (Fig. 6) in which is a plunger 43 having a rounded protruding head, and pressed outwards by a spring 44. Said .head is adapted to enter any one of two or more sockets 45 formed in the end of the magazinesleeve, and when it ,is in either of them, the magazine wheel will-be found to be properly justified in relation to the ratchet wheel, so that a phonograph cylinder carried thereby will be in the proper position for.

the reproduction of sound therefrom. .aid ratchet wheel is advanced intermittentyto rotate the magazine wheel by means of a pawl 47, pressed inwards by a spring 48,-

and pivoted on an arm 49, rotatably mounted upon the shaft 11.,said arm having guide can slide the lower reduced end 55' of 70 a p1tman 55, the extreme lower end of said\ pitman, below said guide, having secured thereon a stop 56 secured by a set screw 57, a coiled spring 58 being interposed between said guide and the upper enlarged portion of said pitman. Hence, when the pitman is reciprocated, in the manner to be presently described, said movement of the pitman is transmitted to the arm .and therefore also to the pawl, only through the medium of the spring, and a slight play, or lost motion of the pitman relatively to the pawl is thus permitted, so that should the magazine wheel be locked by the locking mechanism hereinafter described, when the pitman is still being reciprocated, the movement of the pitman will be taken up by the spring.

To turn the magazine wheel independently of the above mechanism, so as to set it to any desired position, and bring any desired cylinder into operation, there is provided a pulley 60 secured upon the shaft 11 of the magazine wheel, and driven by a belt 61, and

'a pulley 62 loose on a shaft 63 (Figs. 1, 2) i on which snaft is secured a ratchet wheel 64 adapted to beengagedby a pawl 65 on the pulley 62. A handle 66' is provided at the front or outer end' of the shaft 63 for turn. ing said shaft. the magazine wheel is turned by means of the ratchet wheel 41 and pawl 47, the'ratchet wheel 64 can freely pass under the pawl By thisjarrangement; when 65 and when the shaft 63 is turned in the proper direction the rhtchet wheel 64 will engage the pawl 65 to turn the pulley to bring the magazine wheel into any desired position, the ratchet wheel 41 then passing freely under the paw'l 47. v

' The carriage 9 of the reproducer slides upon the usual upper and lower guide rods 71 and 72 which are secured toa depending arm/Z3 of the frame and to the depending outer end 4 thereof. From-the outer side bar of the frame of said carriage 9'extends laterally inwards a stud shaft -74,

upon which is pivoted a lever 75, thefront endof which lever carries the half-nut 8, which engages the feed screw, 7, 's o that, by

the rotation of the said feed screw, the carriage moveslongitudinally upon said guide rods. 7 From the carriage -9 extends, below said feed screw, the Larm 77 wh ch carries the reproducer 10, and from the outer side of the front end of the 1ever75 extends a a Stud 78 havingan enlarged flattened head raises the front end of said lever arm. Said 1225 (Fig. 15); when the carriage arrives. at' the'end .of-said feed screw, a cam .7 9 (Fig.- .9) securedto said feed screwand rotating therewith engages said stud '78, and thereby scenes front arm of the lever is normally held down, so that said nut engages said feed screw, by means of a bowspring 85, one end of which engages a pin 80 secured at. the rear end of the lever, while its other end engages a pin 81 extending inwards from the outer side of the carriage frame. This spring acts as an overbalance, for it is double acting, that is, it acts to throw the lever into one of two positions, on opposite sides of its central position .of unstable equilibrium, in the one position to hold up the rear end of thelever and hold down its front end and the nut 8' carried thereby, and when the front arm of the'lever has been raised by the cam 7 9, so that the pin 80 carried by the rear end of the lever has just passed the dead center of thelever, then the spring acts to move the rear end of the lever down to its other limiting position, and thereby raises its front end. The front end of the lever is formed not only on its lower sidewith the half-nut 88, but'on its upper side with a lug or half-nut 82 to engage a return screw 83, the threads of the latter screw being of muchgreater width than those of the feed screw, and in a reverse direction so that, by .the rotation of said return screw and the engagement of the upper nut therewith, the carriage returns to its original position. 'Said return screw is on a shaft 84 pivoted in bearings in the arm 73 and in the depending end of the frame, which shaft carries on its inner end a pinion 87 which meshes with an internal gear wlieel-86 on the main shaft 5, whereby said return screw 83 is rotated in unison with the feed screw 7 At the same time that the lower nut is raised from the feed screw, a spring arm 110 extending from the carrier, and the outer end of which engages a yoke lllcarried by the reproducer, raises said reprodticer, so that the point of the reproducer is moved out of engagement with the cylinder, thus performing the same function asis done by. hand in lifting the reproducer at the end of the music in the ordinary method of using the phonograph. "When the lower nut is again lowered on the cylinder, the reproduceris also lowered to re-commence the music or other sound. reproduction.

From the carrier 9 depend two shafts carrying rollers 89 which engage opposite sides of a spiral ribbon 90 on a shaft 91 having hearings in the end 4 and the arms 73. As the carrier 9 travels, the rollers 89, engaging the spiral ribbon 90, impart a slow rotation thereto and to the shaft 91, the direction of said rotation depending upon the direction of movement of the carriage. Upon said shaft 91 is secured a disk 92, to a wrist pin'93 on which is pivoted the upper end of the pitman 55, and thus it is by the rocking of the shaft 91 that the beforementioned reciprocating movement -is imparted to said pitman. U on the face of the disk 92 is secured a sur ace cam 91 having a surface gradually rising from the surface of the disk, but having an abrupt rear edge 95. As the disk rocks in the direction due tot-he movement of the spiral ribbon of ,the shaft 91 caused by the advance of the carriage by the feed screw, there rides-upon said surface cam 94 the wide side of a spring arm 96 carried upon an arm 97 of a lever 98, pivoted at 101 on-the frame of the machine. 'lVhen the carriage reaches the end of its forward advance, the disk has turned to such an extent that said spring arm 96 passes over the rear end 95 of the surface cam, and springs back into contact with the the surface cam, ,and moved back so as to rock the; lever 98;.iagainst a spring 116. Said lever 98 has an arm 99 extending from the pivot 101ion the opposite direction to the arm 96 and has a finger at its end, which finger rides on the periphery of the ring 1 1v of the magazine wheel as the latter rotates, but when said wheel has rotated through the angle corresponding to the distance from one cylinder to the next, said finger can, if'the spring arm 96 is released by the cam 94, drop into one of a series of notches 10:2 formed in the periphery of said ring 14 and lock the same in the exact position'so,

that a cylinder of the magazine can cooperate with the reproducer. ,One' of the first efiects, therefore, of the commencement of the return of the carriage is, by means of the arm 96 actuated by the cam 94, to raise the finger 100 out of a notch 102 in the roits operative direction. Said friction wheel is employed to rotate the sound-reproducing cylinder and does this by frictional contact with the periphery of a disk 117 it being itself rotated by means of a pinion on its shaft engaging a gear wheel 112 on, the

shaft'5. By the construction just described, before the magazine wheel begins to rotate,

said friction wheel 105 is raised. from off the disk 117. Both of these effects take place immediately on the return movement of the carriage, although the: magazine wheel does not begin to rotate immediately upon said return movement, for the reason that the upper end of the pitman 55 is at this time at the dead center point of the movement of the disk, so that the disk can turn'through a considerable distance with the return of the carriage without reciproeating said pitman to any appreciable extent. The continued movement of the rollers 89 along the spiral ribbon in the return movement of the carriage causes the disk 92 to rotate so that the pawl 47, engaging a tooth of the ratchet wheel 41, advances said ratchet wheel, and turns the magazine wheel to a position in which another cylinder has been brought into position for sound reproduction, When the upper nut 82 arrives at the inner end of thereturn screw,-a lug 108 extending from the advancing side of said nut is engaged by a cam 109 on said return screw to depress said nut and the lever carrying the same past the dead center of the spring 85, so that said spring 85 now throws which it rotates,

the lower nut intoengagement with the feed screw, and the reproducer travels along the cylinder.

The construction, wheel 105 -is lifted from 03 the disk 117 without changing the inj clisation of its shaft 10 1 constitutes an important improvement. In prior construc tions,'this friction wheel has been carried by a pivoted shaft extending transversely to the disk 117, said shaft also carrying the pinion 113, and, since this shaft was lifted by swinging it, it was nece ary, in order to permit of the friction w eel 105 being raised, that the teeth of the pinion 113 should loosely enga wheelllQ so as to al ow for the slight change i in direction of said teeth when the friction wheel'105. was so raised. This was very 9bjectionable, because the improper ositlon of the teeth of the gear wheel an pinion relative to each other entailed too great an expenditure of and moreover created a disagreeable noise, the latter beingvery objectionable in a ma-' chine of this character. By my present improvement the shaft 104 maintains its direction arallel to itself, so that, while being raised the teeth of the pinion maintain their proper positions relative to the teeth of'the gear wheel, and the. above ,ObJGClZlOIlS are avoided. I

I claim:-

1'. In an apparatus ofthe character described, the combination; of a wheel for carrying sound-reproducing cylinders, comprising two side rings rigi ly connected to gether, said rings having each a circular series of sockets, a spring pressed plunger in each socket of one of said'series; alreproducer, a carriage therefor, arranged to cooperate with a cylinder of the series, and means automatically actuated by themovement of the carriage to a predetermined potween said inner an whereby the friction scribed.

e the teeth ofthe gear power in driving the pinion,

shaft, and means sition to rotate said wheel through the distance between two successive sockets of a series, substantially as described.

2. In an apparatus of the character de-. scribed, the combination of a wheel adapted to carry a" plurality of sound-reproduc ng cylinders, a side of said wheel having'a series of sockets, each having circular shoulders, a

plunger in each socket having a circular flange adapted to engage with the shoulder thereof, and a reduced stem behind said flange, a screw screwed into the outer end of the socket and having a central aperture, said reduced stem passing through said aperture, and a spring between said and screw, substantially as described.

-3. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of a magazine wheel comprising inner and outer rings and a central ub, spokes connecting the inner ring only to the hub; shafts extending beporting sound re reducing cylinders and a circular series 0 independent longitudinal bars rigidly connecting the inner and outer rings, the outer ring bein open and unobstructed in the center, su stantially as deflange outer rings for sup- 4. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of a frame, a shaft extending at rightangles therefrom, a sleeve on said shaft, a magazine wheel rigidly cbnnected to said sleeve, a screw screwed on the end of the shaft and having an enlar ed head, said end of the shaft having para lel transverseshoulders', and a forked washer passing over said shaft in contact with said the screw being ada ptshoulders, the, head of ed.to engage the side of the washer to force the same against the end of the sleeve, substantially as described. p v

5. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of a frame, a shaft extending therefrom and supported wholly at its inner end upon said frame, a magazine wheel havin shaft and secure to said sleeve wholly at the inner slde of said wheel, the outer side .of the wheel being supported wholly upon the inner side and unobstructed at the center a central sleeve on said to allow free access to the outer end of said 1 to the outer end of said sleeve thereon, substantially as dener side of said sleeve, the outer side of the wheel being supported wholly upon the-inner side and unobstructed at the center to allow'free access to the end of said shaft,

detachably secured direct sald shaft for securing and a transversely movable locking device secured to the outer end of said shaftfor securing said a sleeve thereon, substantially as described. 1 p

7, In an apparatus oft-he character described, the combination of a magazine .wheel,

' a wheel forrotating said magazinewheel,

.to j stif the position. 0 wheel relative to said intermittingly rotatin wheel, and means for rotating I the latter whel,1-sub'stantially as describec,

one of said wheels having a spring-actuated protruding pin and the other wheel hav-- asccketed disk against the faceof which said pinis 7 adapted -to} travel said socket being adapted to-be --enga ed by said pin 8. In an apparatus-oft'ie character dc:

scribed, the combination of a magazine wheel adapted to carry plurality of sound-reproducing cylinders, a ratchet wheel ar-'.

ranged coaxial with the magazine wheel and adj acent] thereto,- a soundjeprioducer'cooperating. with one of said cylinders, a carriage for said reproducer, means for guiding saidqcarriage in operative relation with said latter cylinder, means automatically" reciprocated by the movement of said car-f riage and adapted to engage said ratchet wheel to; tufii said magazine wheel, and

means whieby'said ratchet wheel and mag- I azine wheel are detachably connected to'ro; tate as a single. body, substantially as described.- i 9. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of a magazine wheel adapted to carry a-plurality of sound-re producing cylinders, a ratchet wheel, a

sound reproducer cooperating with one of I said cylinders, a carriagefor said re'pro ducer, means for guiding said carriage in operatlve *IBlfiilQil with said-latter cylinder, means automatically remprocated by the movement m3- said carriage and adapted to engage said ratchet wheel 'to turn said magazine wheel, said means, including a spring through which the power is transmitted, and adapted totake up lost motion in thepower-transmitting 1neans, and means -wh erel)'y said ratchet. wheel and magazine wheel are detachably connected to rotate in unison, substantially as described.

10. In'an apparatus of the-character described, the cornbination of a magazine wheel arranged to carry a plurality of reproducing cyl1nders, a ,reproducer. arranged to cooperate with one of said cylinders, a carriage therefor, a guide; for said carriage, and means 'Jautomatically reciprocated by the return movement of said carriage to-advance said magazine'whe el, said means comprising a spring through which the power is transsnitted, substantially as described.

11. Ina nepparatus of the character described, the combination of a sound-repr0- said magazine ducing' cylinder, a. reproducer, a carrizfg$5 for the reproducer, a feed screw for sale miriiage, a return screw, nuts carried lily said carriage, and adapted to engage respectively the feed and. returnscrews, andi neans automatically actuated by the movement of the carriage on arriv ng at a predetermined point p A l I w to remove Irom the ieed scifew the corresponding nut, and co-cause the other nut to engage the return screw, saicLineans. comprising double-acting springjarranged to move said'carriage from a mediate position 0t unstable equilibrium to'either ottwo lira: iting positions, sl'i bstantially as dcscribed. 12. In an apparatus of the character described, the combinationot' a sound meproducing cylinder, a reproducer, a carriage therefor, a feed screw, a return screw, nuts vcarried by said carriage and adapted to engage respectively the feed and return screws, each screw having a earn formed thereon adapted in the rotation of said screw to err.

gage a art of said carriage to move "said part so that one nut leaves its screwand the other nut moves towardsthe ".OtllBl screw, and an overbalance device arranged to complete said movement -when so commenced by either cam substantially as described.

In an apparaciisjcr the character described, the combination of a sound-reproducin cylinder, a reproducer, a carriage there or, a feed screw, a return serew,'niits carried by said carriage and adapted to engage respectively the feed and return-screws, each screw having a cam tor-med thereon adapted in the rotation of said screw to engage a part of said carriagcto move said) part so that one nut leaves its screw and the other nut moves towards the other screw,

and a double acting spring for assisting said movement, substantially as described.

' ll. In. an apparatus ofthe character described, thecombinati'on of a sound-reproducing cylinder, a'reprodncer, a carriage therefor, a guide. for said carriage,'on which t s rcciproc'ated, and means tor deriving a rotary movement from the longitudinal movement of the carriage, c'oniprising a pair of roller shafts extending from the carriage, rollers thereon, and a spiral shathpassing between said rollers, whereby the longitudi nal, movement of the carriage turns said tion parallel with-the aais 'of'the shaft, of 1 a part engaging said spiral surface and means carried by the carriage engaging said spiral surface, whereby the iongitndinal movement of the carriage turns said shaft, substantially as described.

16. In an apparatus of the character de scribed, the combination of a magazine Wheel, arranged to carry a plurality of sound-reproducing cylinders, e reproduoer, a carriage therefor, a guide for said carriege, parallel shafts supported by said carriage, rollers on said shafts, a spiral shaft, passing between. said rollers, whereby the longitudinal movement of the carriage turns 'said shaft, and an operative connection between said shaft and the magazine wheel, whereby said magazine Wheel is rotated by rotation of said sl1aft,"snhstantially as described. y

1?. In an apparatus of the character described the conibination of a magazine Wheel, arranged to carry a "plurality of sound-reproducing cylinders, a reproducer, a carriage therefor, a guide for said carriage, parallel shafts supported by said carriage, rollers on said shafts, a spiral shaft passing between said rollers, wheneby the longitudinal movement of the carriage turns Seid shaftfa disl on said shaft, a pitinan connected to seioldislt, a ratchet Wheel ar ranged to rotate in. unison with the mega zine Wheel, a pawl engaging said ratchet Wheel, and an operative connection between said pitmsn and pawl, substantially as de- V sci-need;

18. 111 a magazine phonograph, the coinlolnation, w th a nie 'gazinewheei, arranged to support phonograph cylinders, of e fricsaid tion wheel for rotating a cylinder thereon, inagazine Wheel having a series of note es corresponding to the several posi- 'tions of the cylinders on'the wheel, a lever having a finger to selectively e age one of said notches, a reproduce'r carriage and a support upon which said carriage travels in proper relation to the sound-reproducing cylinder, and means automatically actuated by the return movement of the carriage to first raise said friction-vvheel out of operative connection With said cylinder and to raise said finger out of the notch engaged thereby, and then to positively advance said magazine Wheel, substantially as described.

1 9. In a magazine phonograph, the combination with a magazine Wheel arranged to supportphonograph cylinders, of a friction Wheel for rotatingv a cylinder thereon, a shaft for said friction Wheel, ineanst'or rotating said shaft, and means for raising said shaft to remove said friction heel from operativeengagement, and means for maintaining said shaft in a direction parallel to its operative direction while so raising said shaft, substantially as described.

20. In a magazine phonograph, the cointosupport phonographcylinders, of e friction Wheel for rotating a cylinder thereon,

a shaft torsaid Wheel, a gear Wheel on said shaft, a second gear .wheel meshing with said gear Wheel, means tor rotating the second gear Wheel, and means for raising said hination with a magazine Wheel arranged 

